PSEUDOmonas Aeroginosa.

Penicillin

Penicillin is a widely used antibiotic prescribed to treat staphylococci and streptococci bacterial infections. 

beta-lactam family 

Gram-positive bacteria = thick cell walls containing high levels of peptidoglycan

gram-negative bacteria = thinner cell walls with low levels of peptidoglycan and surrounded by a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) layer that prevents antibiotic entry 

penicillin is most effective against gram-positive bacteria where DD-transpeptidase activity is highest.

Examples of penicillins include:

amoxicillin

ampicillin

bacampicillin

oxacillin

penicillin

Mechanism(s)

Penicillin inhibits the bacterial enzyme transpeptidase, responsible for catalysing the final peptidoglycan crosslinking stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis.

Cells wall is weakened and cells swell as water enters and then burst (lysis)

Becomes permanently covalently bonded to the enzymes’s active site (irreversible)

Alternative theory: penicillin mimics D-Ala D-Ala

Or may act as an umbrella inhibitor

Resistance

production of beta-lactamase - destroys the beta-lactam ring of penicillin and makes it ineffective (eg Staphylococcus aureus - most are now resistant)

In response, synthetic penicillin that is resistant to beta-lactamase is in use including egdicloxacillin, oxacillin, nafcillin, and methicillin. 

Some is resistant to methicillin - methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).  

Demonstrating blanket resistance to all beta-lactam antibiotics -extremely serious health risk.

Motivation can be experienced differently for each of us. While some people just get this kind of impulsive motivation, others develop their motivation through actions.

@masterposts @studymasterposts

I would like to show you why it is wrong to wait for your motivation and why you should just do something instead - it doesn’t matter how big your action is.

How to gain motivation

OK, so just like I told you above there exists a concept of just doing some random shit. That means that you start small even though you know that you should do more.

You need to write an essay in two days but you’re spending all the time watching a cat jumping from a window? (if you followed the link - yeah, it’s funny but please continue reading my bullshit lol)

The solution to your stressful task is to start doing something even if it doesn’t seem big or challenging. (In our example with the essay this would mean, starting the writing program/ writing “Outline for my essay” on a paper/ starting a draft as small as possible etc.)

You need to clean your room? Search the smallest task and do this one: put your old pizza that’s laying on the floor in the trash can and your underwear where it belongs - you don’t want your dog to eat it, right?

You want to get fit and start working out? Maybe you had an impulse of motivation one week ago, but now you’re laying on the couch like the cutest panda ever, eating sweets and asking yourself where your motivation went.

You already have an idea what you need to do now, right? Just do one push-up/ lunge/ crunch whatever.

It doesn’t matter how small your action is, but if you experience the feeling of this small success you’ll keep going.

How to stay motivated (Part 1)

Now that you’re finally motivated (doesn’t matter how), you really need to stick on that workflow or whatever you’re trying to achieve. One of the simplest things to maintain your motivation is to think of why you started. Here are some examples:

I know that I’m able to get this shit done.

I want to prove that I can do more than I thought.

I want to show everybody that I’m taking my responsibilities seriously.

I need to pass that exam.

Failing is worse than studying.

etc. (the reason needs to come from your heart - if it isn’t true, it won’t work)

Another way (which is pretty simple and works pretty good for most of the people) is the chain system: 

Draw 31 boxes (for one month) and tick one each day after completing your task. This method is pretty common because it is pretty simple and works for no matter how much time you want to do your habit. (The lovely @emmastudies has created a lot of wonderful printables, maybe you find more details there for study tracking.) After keeping up with the growing chain, you’ll be thinking twice before interrupting the chain and stopping your chain.

Part 2 will be posted on Friday, 06.01.

Staphylococcus epidermidis is a coagulase negative, Gram-positive coccus. The organism uses sophisticated regulatory networks to adapt its metabolism to suit varying environmental conditions. S. epidermidis relies on biofilm formation to protect cells from the host immune system and other anti-microbial molecules.

05-11-18 bio notes! i tried out a new background and i think it looks really pretty!! i hope you guys like it :). i had my first test for my dissection lab and my group ended up getting 100%! the next few tests are harder, but i think we’ll all do gr8. i hope you all had a great week!

Microbial Genetics

Parasitology

11.19.17

2 more days until break

Music mood: Mili - Miracle Milk

Medically Important Bacteria: Clasification

Infectious bacterial diseases and where to find them

Indwelling catheter associated UTI

Catheter induced UTI

Typical :e.coli,Klebsella pneumonia,staph.saprophticus,proteus.mirabilis(lactose fermenters)(eat protein to be the cool member of the sapron staff club)

Atypical opportunistic:Pseudomonas aeroginasa.(non lactose fermenter)

Summery of UTIs

E.coli and klebsella are leading cause of uti..

staph saprophticus  uti in sexually active women.

Enterococi(strptococcus family ) oppurtunistic uti

U.urealyticu known cause of urithritis but needs special media rich in urea and cholestrol