We’re Used To Radiation Being Invisible. With A Geiger Counter, It Gets Turned Into Audible Clicks.

“Study of the human brain is, in fact, much less like exploring a series of corridors, and much more like observing a planet from high orbit; with intense magnification, you can barely see the inhabitants, observe their behavior, where they go, which routes they take, but you don’t know who they are, what they do when they get there, or why they do it.”

Terraforming Mars

Galileo and the Jovian Satellites

On the nights of January 7/8, 1610, Galileo Galilei noted in his notebooks the discovery of the first 4 Jovian moons, which he named after the powerful Medici family, naming them Medicean I, II and III.  The name Europa (above left) comes from Greek mythology-Europa was abducted by Zeus (the Greek name for Jupiter) in the form of a bull and bore him many children.  Io is also named for a child of Zeus (Jupiter), the daughter of Inachus, who was raped by Jupiter. Jupiter, in an effort to hide his crime from his wife, Juno, transformed Io into a heifer.  Calllisto (on the right) was named for another seduction of Jupiter.  Callisto was the daughter of Lycaon, who was a follower of Artemis, famous as goddess of the hunt and for her chastity.  To punish Callisto for lying with Jupiter, Artemis banished her.  Without protection, Jupiter was forced to change Callisto and her son into bears to hide them from his wife Hera’s fury.  Eventually, Jupiter placed them both in the sky as the Ursa Major and Minor, the Big and Little Bears (known today as the Big and Little Dippers).  Ganymede was the fourth moon discovered by Galileo, named for the shepherd boy known for his incredible beauty and kidnapped by Jupiter.  These names would not become common for several hundred years.  Today, Jupiter has fifty named moons:

1. Io  2. Europa

3. Ganymede

4. Callisto

5. Amalthea

6. Himalia

7. Elara

8. Pasiphae

9. Sinope

10. Lysithea

11. Carme

12. Ananke

13. Leda

14. Thebe

15. Adrastea

16. Metis

17. Callirrhoe

18. Themisto

19. Megaclite

20. Taygete

21. Chaldene

22. Harpalyke

23. Kalyke

24. Iocaste

25. Erinome

26. Isonoe

27. Praxidike

28. Autonoe

29. Thyone

30. Hermippe

31. Aitne

32. Eurydome

33. Euanthe

34. Euporie

35. Orthosie

36. Sponde

37. Kale

38. Pasithee

39. Hegemone

40. Mneme

41. Aoede

42. Thelxinoe

43. Arche

44. Kallichore

45. Helike

46. Carpo

47. Eukelade

48. Cyllene

49. Kore

50. Herse

and an additional 16 provisional moons:

1. S/2003 J2

2. S/2003 J3

3. S/2003 J4

4. S/2003 J5

5. S/2003 J9

6. S/2003 J10

7. S/2003 J12

8. S/2003 J15

9. S/2003 J16

10. S/2003 J18

11. S/2003 J19

12. S/2003 J23

13. S/2010 J 1

14. S/2010 J 2

15. S/2011 J1

16. S/2011 J2

All images courtesy NASA.  Thanks also to NASA for additional historical background.

Olga of Kiev burnt down villages using pigeons, buried her enemies alive, and was generally no saint – except she was, because she was literally anointed a saint for her efforts. Her title? “Equal to the apostles.”

She died on this day in 969.

I cover her story in the RP book. :)

Football stamp issued by Finland in 1952 as part of a sports set to commmemorate the Helsinki Olympics. The 1952 Olympic football Champions were Hungary who beat Yugoslavia 2-0 in the final.  Sweden defeated Germany 2-0 in the third place play-off to take the bronze medal.

🌲Hooray!🌲 • The first piece from our Modern Wolf chronicle is ‘in the air'🖤🖤 • check out the Czech page👉🏻👉🏻https://m.facebook.com/prichazejivlci/

Since US history is all the rage now, I thought I’d share some of my favorite stories about the founding fathers.

-John Adams and Thomas Jefferson once visited the home of Shakespeare together… and both broke off pieces of one of the writer’s chairs so that they could take home souvenirs.

-When he was given an official surrender document during the French-Indian War, George Washington blindly signed the thing because he didn’t want to admit he couldn’t read French. In doing so, he basically solely accepted the blame of multiple war crimes. Somehow he wormed his way out of this… one of his methods was to blame his translator.

-Ben Franklin was forbidden from writing the Declaration of Independence because the founding fathers thought he would try to slip in puns and jokes.

-John Hancock was a convicted smuggler. Charges were dropped against him after he hired John Adams for a lawyer.

-Aaron Burr was a firm believer in the intellectual equality of men and women and lobbied for women’s suffrage.

-John Adams named his dog Satan.

-James Madison was our smallest president, at 5'4" and roughly 100 pounds.

-When he was 26, Washington bribed voters into electing him into office with alcohol… he gave certain voters about a half gallon for choosing him.

-Ben Franklin once wrote an essay urging scientists to “improve the odor of flatulence.”

-Jefferson warned Lewis & Clark to beware of giant sloths during their expedition.

-Adams and Jefferson were the original bros; after a lifetime of friendship, bitterness, and more friendship, they died hours apart on the same day- July 4th. Adams’ last words were, “Jefferson survives.” Well, not quite.

-Washington crossed enemy lines during the Battle of Germantown to return a lost dog to General Howe.

-The Star Spangled Banner was based off of a rowdy English drinking song.

-Alexander Hamilton’s descendants heavily edited and even hid some of his letters to his totally hetero bro, John Laurens, claiming “the content was embarrassing and indecent.”

-Ben Franklin opted for the turkey to be the U.S. national bird, claiming that bald eagles were cold and volatile.

-A few days before signing the Declaration, the Constitutional Convention got LIT. It’s rumored that the founding fathers drank 54 bottles of Madeira, 7 bottles of Claret, 7 bowls of spiked punch, 22 bottles of porter, 8 bottles of whiskey and 8 bottles of hard cider in this one night.

Did Megalodons Brush Their Teeth In The Morning? 

Almost everyone has heard about the Megaladon aka Carcharodon Megalodon - the terryfying, hair-raising sea creature that used to reign the waters about 10 million years ago. It’s a really huge scary shark basically.

And it is no secret that the species never suffered from tooth decay or plaques. Mostly this has been thought to be due to the regular changing of teeth. However, recently scientists have discovered that the sharks actually used toothpaste!

Well, not exactly. As it turns out, Megaladons had an interesting teeth mineral composition. Their teeth were packed were with fluoride, which is what we use in toothpaste nowadays. Fluoride made their teeth extremely strong and resistant to bacteria. And it wasn’t only Megaladons - most of the predator dinosaurs and several other species of sharks had a similar tooth meniralisation.

However, nowadays predators and other mammals do not boast a full set of shiny, fluoride-filled teeth. Humans themselves walk around with agonising pain in their teeth meanwhile the dentists are rolling in money. Why would evolution do such a thing? Having fluoride in your teeth seems like an awesome advantage, right?

Scientists aren’t really sure why the presence of fluoride was eliminated during the hostile course of evolution. The best guess is that the concentration of fluoride in water has decreased over the years and it wasn’t enough to support the teeth-changing cycles or organisms.

It may also be due to the fact that fluoride can be harmful. If fluoride encounters sour fruits or meat that isn’t fresh, hydrofluoric acid is formed. The acid is very corrosive, it can even dissolve glass. Who would want to have this in their mouths?

Source: http://www.paleonews.ru/index.php/new/588-fluoridtooth

man it’s so wild to me that the greeks literally thought that a large number of women’s ailments were caused by their wombs (which they believed to be a weird animalistic thing living in women’s bodies) just picking up and migrating all over the place (fun fact, the word hysteria comes from this nonsense), and while that’s horribly misogynistic and terrible i can’t say i wouldn’t milk that shit for all it’s worth if i lived in ancient greece

like, gotta go harvest the crops? sorry dude, womb’s all up in my arms, can’t do anything about it

want me to weave something? love to but the ol womb’s at it again, you know how it is

got caught making out with the neighbor’s wife? haha man that womb of mine sure is a riot