28.05.17 // New Week, New Window 💭

Luminol is a chemical that can be used to show trace amounts of blood by creating a light producing chemical reaction when mixed with hemoglobin.

Luminol powder is mixed into a liquid containing hydrogen peroxide and other chemicals. This mixture will then be sprayed over the area that is being examined.

The reaction of the Luminol spray mixing with the iron in blood will then produce a blue glow that can be seen in a dark room.

Other substances that can accidentally have the same reaction with Luminol are: bleach, urine, faeces & horseradish.

Unfortunately Luminol can destroy other crime scene evidence so it is usually used after other options have been explored.

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omg thank you so much for putting rosalind franklin in the dna history post!!

And also:

i think it is morecorrect to say that in 1953 Watson and Crick stole Rosalind’s picture to buildtheir model, and when they published it, of course they didn’t gave her anycredit. I think it is important for people to know that Rosalind Franklindiscovered the antiparallel structure of the DNA molecule, but since herstudies and researches were published after Watson and Crick’s, she didn’t getany recognition until many years later. (Sorry for the long message!)

Hello Nonnies!!

We can’t not talk aboutRosalind Franklin. She is an awesome lady that is slowly getting therecognition she deserves in the scientific community.

(We also went to an allgirls catholic highschool with large emphasis on science, and her name alwayscame up in all of the science classes. It’s pretty hard to forget her name now.We are also going to hijack these asks to give a more in-depth biography forRosalind Franklin.)

Franklin was a giftedX-ray crystallographer. She was a research associate at King’s College Londonin 1951, moved to Birkbeck College in 1953. She died at the early age of 37 dueto ovarian cancer. Really she should have gotten the same Nobel Prize thatWatson, Crick, and Wilkins shared in 1962 for the discovery of the DNA doublehelix, but the Nobel Committee are pricks and don’t award prizes posthumously.

Franklin’s the one tofirst contribute the concept of the two forms of DNA; A-DNA (dried, short andfat), and B-DNA (wet, long and thin). Photo 51 (image from Wikipedia) is thex-ray diffraction pattern developed while at King’s College that leads to thediscovery of DNA double helix structure.

There has been some controversies surrounding the nature ofher work being used by Watson and Crick. Allegations where made that Photo 51was shown to Watson by her colleague Wilkins without Franklin’s permission (badscience ethics here) but we are not sure how true that allegation is. Franklindid not gain much recognition for her contribution originally, all that wasmentioned was a footnote acknowledging that it was based on “general knowledge”of Franklin’s unpublished contribution.

Rosalind Franklin is a good example of sexism in science. She’s not gaining a lot of posthumous recognition for her work. I would also like to think that she’s an awesome role model for a lot of girls pursuing science as a field of study.

Nursing a New Year’s Day hangover? Here’s the chemistry behind it: http://wp.me/s4aPLT-hangover

“Animal blood comes in a rainbow of hues because of the varying chemistry of the molecules it uses to carry oxygen. Humans use hemoglobin, whose iron content imparts a crimson color to our red blood cells. Octopuses, lobsters, and horseshoe crabs use hemocyanin, which has copper instead of iron, and is blue instead of red—that’s why these creatures bleed blue. Other related molecules are responsible for the violet blood of some marine worms, and the green blood of leeches. But the green-blooded lizards use good old hemoglobin. Their red blood cells are, well, red. Their green has a stranger origin: Biliverdin.

They should be dead. Biliverdin can damage DNA, kill cells, and destroy neurons. And yet, the lizards have the highest levels of biliverdin ever seen in an animal. Their blood contains up to 20 times more of it than the highest concentration ever recorded in a human—an amount that proved to be fatal. And yet, not only are the lizards still alive, they’re not even jaundiced. How do they tolerate the chemical? Why did they evolve such high levels of biliverdin in the first place? And why, as Austin’s colleague Zachary Rodriguez has just discovered, did they do so on several occasions?”

Source: TheAtlantic

Important Terms

For approaching Religious and Anthropological Studies:

Cultural Relativism:

“The ability to view the beliefs and customs of other peoples within the context of their own cultures rather than one’s own; or, describing another culture from its own point of view without imposing one’s own cultural values.” Look at what people BELIEVE, not whether or not what they believe is “true.”

Ethnocentrism (the opposite of cultural relativism):

“The tendency to judge the customs of other societies by the standards of one’s own; combines the belief in the superiority of one’s own culture with the practice of judging other cultures by the standards and values of one’s own culture.”

Harnessing ethnocentric ideas when approaching religious and cultural studies will hinder one from truly being able to learn and understand other peoples and their cultures. 

A note on Nuclear Fission

When an atom fissions, it releases a teeny tiny amount of energy ( The decay of one atom of uranium-235 releases about 200MeV or about 3*10-11J.). But atoms are quite small. An atom does not make a big explosion when it splits.

To get a big explosion, you need to split lots and lots and lots and lots and lots and lots and lots and lots and lots of them—many, many trillions of them.

Each one releases only a teeny amount of energy, but when you add up the teeny amount of energy from trillions and trillions and trillions of atoms, then you get a big explosion. (The explosion of 1kg of TNT releases 4MJ).

Today marks the birthday of Alfred Nier (1911-1994), a pioneer in the field of mass spectrometry. Here’s a brief mass spectrometry introduction! PDF here: http://wp.me/p4aPLT-1bw

FREE MEDICAL PDFs

Anatomy:

1–> KLM for Gross Anatomy

2–> Snell’s Anatomy

3–> BD Churassia

4–> RJ Last

5–> Grey’s Anatomy

6–> Langman Embryology

7–> KLM for Embryology

8–> BD For General Anatomy

9–> Dissector

10–> Di Fore Histology

11–> Junqueira’s Histology

12–> Netter Atlas of human Aantomy

Folder link–> https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B3WdpdsqpX0LYV9KQ3lxY29FY28

Physiology:

1–> Guyton

2–> Ganong

3–> Sheerwood

4–> Sembulingam

Folder link–> https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B3WdpdsqpX0LdXlCSjdZM214dEE

  Biochemistry:

1–> Harper

2–> Lippincott

3–> Chatterjea

4–> Satyanarayan

5–> Stryer

6–> MRS Biochemistry

Folder link–> https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B3WdpdsqpX0Ld0o3WnhCR2VEczg

Pathology:

1–> Big Robins

2–> Medium Robins

3–> Pathoma

4–> Goljan

5–> Harsh Mohan Pathology

6–> Atlas of Histopathology

7–> Levinson

8–> MRS microbiology

9–> Microbiology by Jacquelyn G. Black

10–> Color Atlas of Microbiology

11–> Kaplan Pathology

Folder link–> https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B3WdpdsqpX0LYkRYdjFrTm5MR0U

  Pharmacology:

1–> Big Katzung

2–> Mini Katzung

3–> Kaplan Review

4–> Lippincott

5–> Pocket Katzung

6–> Rang and Dale’s Pharmacology

7–> Atlas of Pharmacology

Folder link–> https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B3WdpdsqpX0LMkE1UUVRZGwtTlU

Forensic Medicine:

1–> Simpson’s Forensics

2–> Krishan’s Forensics

3–> Atlas of Autopsy

4–> Atlas of Forensic Medicine

Folder link–> https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B3WdpdsqpX0LQXVwOGoyWnFSV2s

Ophthalmology:

1–> Jogi

2–> Jatoi

3–> Parson’s Textbook of Eye

4–> Kanski

5–> AK Khurana

6–> Atlas of ophthalmology

Folder link–> https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B3WdpdsqpX0LOHc5WVZMdkJjX2M

Otorhinolaryngology:

1–> Dhingra

2–> Logans Turner

3–> Color Atlas of Otorhinolaryngology

4–> Maqbool’s Text Book of ENT

5–> Clinical Methods in ENT by PT Wakode

6–> ENT at a Glance

Folder link–> https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B3WdpdsqpX0LaDY2a0lFNDlfTGc

Community Medicine:

1–> Monica’s Text Book Community Medicine

2–> Mahajan And Gupta Text Book of Community Medicine

3–> Bancroft’s Text Book of Community Medicine

Folder link–> https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B3WdpdsqpX0Lc1RCMml2NjhFNjA

Internal Medicine:

1–> Churchill’s Pocketbook of DD

2–> MTB Step 2 Ck

3–> Davidson Essentials

4–> Davidson Principals and practice

5–> Harrison’s Internal Medicine

6–> Internal Medicine USMLE Nuggets

7–> Internal Medicine on call bt LANGE 8–> Oxfords Specialties

Folder link–>https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B3WdpdsqpX0LeEFJNG5TMlc4eWc

Surgery:

1–> Bailey_love short practice of Surgery

2–> Churchill’s pocketbook of Surgery

3–> Deja Review of surgery

4–> Farquharson’s Textbook of Operative General Surgery

5–> Hamilton Bailey’s Physical Signs

6–> Oxford Handbook of Clinical Surgery

7–> Schwartz’s Principles of Surgery

8–> Macleod’s Clinical Examination

9–> Macleod’s Clinical Diagnosis

Folder link–>https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B3WdpdsqpX0LRFpFSG5hZ1pVWkE

Obstetrics & Gynecology:

1–> Case Discussions in Obstetrics and Gynecology

2–> Deja Review of Obstetrics Gynecology

3–> Obstetrics by Ten Teachers

4–> Gynaecology illustrated

5–> Gynaecology by Ten Teachers

Folder link–>https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B3WdpdsqpX0LMU1LRjFDa1FrbjA

Pediatrics:

1–> Nelson Essentials of Pediatrics

2–> Nelson Complete

3–> Pediatrics Review

Folder link–>https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B3WdpdsqpX0LUkdTQkVuNV92Yzg

I hope this helps everyone, it’s not mine. But has been shared to me and I am sharing this with all of you.

Someone said "Are you really so stupid to think that Africa has the same technological advances as us? If they did they would probably have clean water and not live in houses made of sticks and mud. Get over yourself and stop being so ignorant."..... Below is a tiny collection of images of the Africa they refuse to show you..

ches

I’m sorry you’ve been made to believe that the whole of Africa is poor, I really am..