I Made A Lymph Drainage Sticker For The Immuno Section Of First Aid

Infectious bacterial diseases and where to find them

….and that is how viruses go about their non-lives!!

my biology professor at the end of a lecture about viruses, presumably, i wouldn’t know, i wasn’t paying attention, i’m using context clues here (via scienceprofessorquotes)

18/1/18 - Recent virology notes! Ignore the headings, I bought some new brush pens and I’m still getting used to them..

Micobacterium tuberculosis DX

Auramine-Rhodamine staining bacilli: fluorescent apple green (sensitive but not specific). If positive, do acid fast.

Acid Fast

Lowenstein-Jensen medium: aerobic, slow growing (2-3weeks)

PPD or Mantoux Test: measure 48-72h after. POSITIVE: >/= 5mm in VIH+ pts, >/=10mm in high risk population (IVDA, poverty, immigrants from high TB area, physicians, nurses), >/=15mm in low risk population

Positive indicates exposure, but not necessarily active disease.

Quantiferon-TB Gold Test: measures IF-gamma

Niacin producers

Catalase negative at 68° and catalase active at body T°

No serodiagnosis

Horizontal gene transfer

ANTIBIOTICS CHEAT SHEET :)

Also, REMEMBER!!!!

* Sulfonamides compete for albumin with:

Bilirrubin: given in 2°,3°T, high risk or indirect hyperBb and kernicterus in premies

Warfarin: increases toxicity: bleeding

* Beta-lactamase (penicinillase) Suceptible:

Natural Penicillins (G, V, F, K)

Aminopenicillins (Amoxicillin, Ampicillin)

Antipseudomonal Penicillins (Ticarcillin, Piperacillin)

* Beta-lactamase (penicinillase) Resistant:

Oxacillin, Nafcillin, Dicloxacillin

3°G, 4°G Cephalosporins

Carbapenems 

Monobactams

Beta-lactamase inhibitors

* Penicillins enhanced with:

Clavulanic acid & Sulbactam (both are suicide inhibitors, they inhibit beta-lactamase)

Aminoglycosides (against enterococcus and psedomonas)

* Aminoglycosides enhanced with Aztreonam

* Penicillins: renal clearance EXCEPT Oxacillin & Nafcillin (bile)

* Cephalosporines: renal clearance EXCEPT Cefoperazone & Cefrtriaxone (bile)

* Both inhibited by Probenecid during tubular secretion.

* 2°G Cephalosporines: none cross BBB except Cefuroxime

* 3°G Cephalosporines: all cross BBB except Cefoperazone bc is highly highly lipid soluble, so is protein bound in plasma, therefore it doesn’t cross BBB.

* Cephalosporines are "LAME“ bc they  do not cover this organisms 

L  isteria monocytogenes

A  typicals (Mycoplasma, Chlamydia)

M RSA (except Ceftaroline, 5°G)

E  nterococci

* Disulfiram-like effect: Cefotetan & Cefoperazone (mnemonic)

* Cefoperanzone: all the exceptions!!!

All 3°G cephalosporins cross the BBB except Cefoperazone.

All cephalosporins are renal cleared, except Cefoperazone.

Disulfiram-like effect

* Against Pseudomonas:

3°G Cef taz idime (taz taz taz taz)

4°G Cefepime, Cefpirome (not available in the USA)

Antipseudomonal penicillins

Aminoglycosides (synergy with beta-lactams)

Aztreonam (pseudomonal sepsis)

* Covers MRSA: Ceftaroline (rhymes w/ Caroline, Caroline the 5°G Ceph), Vancomycin, Daptomycin, Linezolid, Tigecycline.

* Covers VRSA: Linezolid, Dalfopristin/Quinupristin

* Aminoglycosides: decrease release of ACh in synapse and act as a Neuromuscular blocker, this is why it enhances effects of muscle relaxants.

* DEMECLOCYCLINE: tetracycline that’s not used as an AB, it is used as tx of SIADH to cause Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus (inhibits the V2 receptor in collecting ducts)

* Phototoxicity: Q ue S T  ion?

Q uinolones

Sulfonamides

T etracyclines

* p450 inhibitors: Cloramphenicol, Macrolides (except Azithromycin), Sulfonamides

* Macrolides SE: Motilin stimulation, QT prolongation, reversible deafness, eosinophilia, cholestatic hepatitis

* Bactericidal: beta-lactams (penicillins, cephalosporins, monobactams, carbapenems), aminoglycosides, fluorquinolones, metronidazole.

* Baceriostatic: tetracyclins, streptogramins, chloramphenicol, lincosamides, oxazolidonones, macrolides, sulfonamides, DHFR inhibitors.

* Pseudomembranous colitis: Ampicillin, Amoxicillin, Clindamycin, Lincomycin.

* QT prolongation: macrolides, sometimes fluoroquinolones

To all my microbiology studiers out there. I found this video when I was studying for the virology block of my micro class, and this + sketchy micro was an absolute GODSEND. If you’re struggling with remembering the structures and families of the viruses or prefer flow charts over big tables, CHECK THIS DUDE OUT. I could listen to him talk viruses to me all day. 

Here’s a look at how I implemented it into my First Aid (pages 148, 150).

Hope someone finds this helpful!

Most Common facts about infectious diseases

1. Most common cause of septic arthritis in a person less than 40 years old = Gonococcus 2. Most common cause of osteomyelitis in general population = S. aureus 3. Most common cause of osteomyelitis in Sickle Cell patients = Salmonella 4. Most common cause of osteomyelitis due to nail-puncture wounds = Pseudomonas (V.Imp!) 5. Most common parasitic infection of the brain = Neurocysticercosis 6. Most common cause of Encephalitis in USA = Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) 7. Most common cause of dysentry in the USA = C. jejuni (undercooked poultry) 8. Second most cause of dysentry in the USA = Shigella (daycare centers) 9. Most common cause of pneumonia in nursing home residents = S. pneumoniae 10. Most common cause of malignant otitis externa = P. aeruginosa 11. Most common risk for contracting HIV in USA= Intravenous Drug Use 12. Most common presenting Manifestation of AIDs = P. carinii pneumonia 13. Most common cause of Menigitis in adolescents = N. Gonorhhaea 14. Most common cause of Meningitis in the USA = Streptococcus pneumoniae 15. Most common Neurological Manifestation of Lyme Disease = Facial Nerve palsy! 16. Most common Cardiac manifestation of Lyme Disease = AV Heart Block 17. Most Common viral STD in the USA = HPV ! 18. Most Common Complication of Mumps in Pre-pubertal Children = Encephalitis 19. Most Common Complication of Mumps in Pubertal and Post-Pubertal Adults (and Males) = Orchitis

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Elementary body of Chlamydia trachomatis in a conjunctival scrapping in a patient with trachoma: Trachoma is the MCC of preventive global blindness