Scientists have discovered the world’s oldest known water in an ancient pool in Canada that’s at least 2 billion years old.
Back in 2013 they found water dating back about 1.5 billion years at the Kidd Mine in Ontario, but searching deeper at the site revealed an even older source buried underground.
The initial discovery of the ancient liquid in 2013 came at a depth of around 2.4 kilometres (1.5 miles) in an underground tunnel in the mine. But the extreme depth of the mine – which at 3.1 kilometres (1.9 miles) is the deepest base metal mine in the world – gave researchers the opportunity to keep digging.
“[The 2013 find] really pushed back our understanding of how old flowing water could be and so it really drove us to explore further,” geochemist Barbara Sherwood Lollar from the University of Toronto told Rebecca Morelle at the BBC.
“And we took advantage of the fact that the mine is continuing to explore deeper and deeper into the earth.”
The new source was found at about 3 kilometres (1.9 miles) down, and according to Sherwood Lollar, there’s a lot more of it than you might expect.
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Why do we not discuss clouds more?
I mean look at that. That’s water.
Flying water.
FLYING
FUCKING
WATER
LIKE WHAT THE FUCK, WHY DO WE EVER STOP TALKING ABOUT THIS
WHAT IS THIS
HOW IS THIS EVEN
AND NOW THE FLYING WATER IS EATING A MOUNTAIN
GOD DAMN, WHAT
Caltech researchers have found evidence of a giant planet tracing a bizarre, highly elongated orbit in the outer solar system. The object, nicknamed Planet Nine, has a mass about 10 times that of Earth and orbits about 20 times farther from the sun on average than does Neptune, farthest planet from the Sun. In fact, it would take this new planet between 10,000 and 20,000 years to make just one full orbit around the sun.
Planetary scientists, Konstantin Batygin and Mike Brown, describe their work in the current issue of the Astronomical Journal and show how Planet Nine helps explain a number of mysterious features of the field of icy objects and debris beyond Neptune known as the Kuiper Belt.
Unlike the class of smaller objects now known as dwarf planets, Planet Nine gravitationally dominates its neighborhood of the solar system. In fact, it dominates a region larger than any of the other known planets.
Batygin and Brown predicted the planet’s existence through mathematical modeling and computer simulations but have not yet observed the object directly.
To put it briefly, Batygin and Brown inferred its presence from the peculiar clustering of six previously known objects that orbit beyond Neptune. They say there’s only a 0.007% chance that the clustering could be a coincidence. Instead, they say, a planet has shepherded the six objects into their strange elliptical orbits, tilted out of the plane of the solar system. It wasn’t the first possibility they investigated and they ran different simulations until finding that an anti-aligned orbit of the ninth planet prevents the Kuiper Belt objects from colliding with it and keeps them aligned. read more here
Diagram: The six most distant known objects in the solar system with orbits beyond Neptune (magenta) all mysteriously line up in a single direction. Also, when viewed in three dimensions, they all tilt nearly identically away from the plane of the solar system. A planet with in a distant eccentric orbit anti-aligned with the other six objects (orange) is required to maintain this configuration. The diagram was created using WorldWide Telescope. Credit: Caltech/R. Hurt (IPAC)
How playing an instrument benefits your brain
Recent research about the mental benefits of playing music has many applications, such as music therapy for people with emotional problems, or helping to treat the symptoms of stroke survivors and Alzheimer’s patients. But it is perhaps even more significant in how much it advances our understanding of mental function, revealing the inner rhythms and complex interplay that make up the amazing orchestra of our brain.
Did you know that every time musicians pick up their instruments, there are fireworks going off all over their brain? On the outside they may look calm and focused, reading the music and making the precise and practiced movements required. But inside their brains, there’s a party going on.
From the TED-Ed lesson How playing an instrument benefits your brain - Anita Collins
Animation by Sharon Colman Graham