Federico García Lorca (1898–1936), From Sonetos Del Amor Oscuro

the 20s are soon upon us

things to include

flapper dresses

jazz music

sex positivity

women’s rights

renewal of arts & culture

increased immigration & cultural sharing

sequins

eyeliner

things to leave behind

racism & nativism

consumerist culture

white guys writing “the great american novel”

Grammar

Lesson Twenty: Telling Time

Masterlist

Previous Lesson

안녕하세요 여러분! Today we are going to learn how to tell time in Korean! ⏰

시작합시다!

Hours

When telling time, you are going to be using both Native Korean numbers and Sino-Korean numbers. In the case of saying the HOUR, you would you Native Korean.

When you say the hour, four numbers are going to change their form a little bit and those numbers are 1, 2, 3, and 4.

하나 ~ 한

둘 ~ 두

셋 ~ 세

넷 ~ 네

To say the hour, you are going to be using this conjugation (시 = Hour):

Number + 시

Examples:

다섯 시 (5시) = 5 o’clock

여섯 시 (6시) = 6 o’clock

일곱 시 (7시) = 7 o’clock

여덜 시 (8시) = 8 o’clock

Minutes

In the case of saying MINUTES, you would use Sino-Korean numbers.

To say minutes, you are going to be using this conjugation (분 = Minute):

Number + 분

Examples:

구 분 (9분) = 9 minutes

십 분 (10분) = 10 minutes

십일 분 (11분) = 11 minutes

십이 분 (12분) = 12 minutes

Then, you just put the hours and minutes together! (Ex: 아홉 시 십삼 분 = 9시 13분 = 9:13)

Sample Sentences

-

“공원은 오전 열시 반분*부터 오후 다섯시까지 개방된다.”

The Gardens are open from 10:30 a.m. until 5:00 p.m.

열 (10) + 시 = 10 o’clock

반 (half) + 분 = 30 minutes

오전 = Morning, a.m.

오후 = Night, p.m.

다섯 (5) + 시 = 5 o’clock

*Instead of saying 삼십 분 for 30 minutes you can say 반 which means ‘half’.

-

“그 열차는 두시 사십오분에 부산에 도착할 예정이다.”

The train is timed to reach Busan at 2:45.

두 (2) + 시 = 2 o’clock

사십오 (45) + 분 = 45 minutes

-

“나는 보통 늦어도 일곱시까지는 기상하는 것을 규칙으로 하고 있어요.”

I generally make it a rule to be up by 7.

일곱 (7) + 시 = 7 o’clock

what to use a notebook for

planning and organising

dream house plan

recipe collection 

trip / vacation planner

bucket lists 

a bullet journal

pet book (dates of vet visits, photos as they grow up, etc)

baby journal (similar to pet one)

plan with me challenge 

idea dump

budget book

school

class / lecture notes

textbook notes

school planner or bullet journal

university research / application planner

reviews

cafe / restaurant 

books

movies

music

tv series

artsy craftsy

poetry 

writers notebook

sketchbook

sticker collection

gardening journal

photo journal

inspiration / moodpboard scrapbook

fun n cute

happiness journal (write one thing each day that made you happy)

gratitude journal

quote collection 

travel journal

dream journal 

sentence-a-day journal (write a sentence about every day)

journaling challenges (you can find a bunch of prompts online)

astronomy journal

Ne forget pas les quatres food groupes mes amis!

me: dress how you want!! gender is fake!!! nothing matters!!!!!!

trans person: i like gender tho

me: hell yeah i respect that!!!! i apologize and don’t mean to dismiss your identity with my optimistic nihilism!!!!!!!

A common mistake English speakers make in learning a new language is translating every word in English literally. By extension, this also involves translating whole sentences word for word.

This is a wee (actually, not that wee) problem for a few reasons:

It means that you will be translating words that don’t have an equivalent in the target language.

It means that you’ll be losing the chance to use words in the target language that don’t have an English translation (advanced vocab).

You’ll be ignoring vital stylistic elements of speaking/writing in the target language. You’ll end up saying things that native speakers of the target language just don’t ever say, even if you use correct grammar and vocabulary.

Now, if you don’t get the hang of this in your target language, I repeat, do not panic. This process of getting the feel of your target language and familiarising yourself with advanced vocab words comes only with practice. It’s not possible to just learn off every rule/word/stylistic element in your target language.

Allow me to illustrate these issues using Spanish and French:

1. Translating words that don’t have an exact equivalent in the target language. Not every word in English has the exact translation in another language, thus a phrase or supplemental synonym is used to convey the meaning in context.

“I think I forgot to lock the door”. In Spanish, this is Pensé que olvidé cerrar la puerta con llave. Pay attention to the phrase for lock. There isn’t a single verb to convey the idea of locking a door. You just say that you close it with the key.

“I want to pass this test on the first try”. In French, this is Je voudrais réussir l'examen au premier essai. We use the word essai to indicate attempt or try, even though this word generally means essay in most other contexts.

2. Not using target language-specific words that don’t exist in English. Some words just don’t exist in English- don’t miss out the chance to use them in another language though! (this is basically the opposite of #1) It indicates a better grasp of the language, comparable to that of natives.

“Last night, I hardly got any sleep because I was anxious”. In Spanish, instead of directly translating the phrase “I hardly got any sleep”, you can use the word desvelado, which covers the entire concept of being unable to sleep. Anoche, estuve desvelado ya que estaba ansioso. In French, you’d say J’ai eu une nuit blanche hier car j’étais anxieux. 

“Although we are poor, we can manage with what we have”. In French, you’d never directly translate the word manage, but instead, you’d say Bien qu'on soit pauvre, on peut se débrouiller avec ce qu’on a. The verb se débrouiller expresses the entire concept of being able to get by and survive day by day with next to nothing.

3. The stylistic element. These are just manners of speaking that native speakers use, which includes sentences structures and word order, or even just expressions of choice that would be clunky in English.

In French, let’s say someone asks you, “Est-ce que tu ne voudrais pas une verre de l'eau avec ça?”. This means “Don’t you want a glass of water with that?”. The food is hot and spicy, so of course you’re thirsty. The first thing that comes to mind is to say, “Mais, oui!”. However, that’s not what is said. It’s not that the grammar or word choice is wrong, but generally, after agreeing with a negative sentence, si is used. You would respond, “Mais, si! J'ai soif!”.

In French, they throw in “ça” everywhere, just for emphasis. “Ça, c'est horrible!”, “Ce robe, ça, c'est très belle!”.

Word choice. Instead of saying “Going to this meeting is important”, one would say something akin to “The attendance of this meeting is vital”. “L'assiduité de la réunion, c'est d'une importance capital”. This is kinda why people like to say French is haughty and pretensive (je t'aime, ma petite langue). Nonetheless, this is more common in formal speech.

In Spanish, what comes to mind at first is the order of subjects and verbs. It’s rather common to hear the subject come after the verb(s), all the way at the end of the sentence. A mí madre matarón los narcotraficantes. El tango baila María todos los fines de la semana.

The word “lo” can precede an arbitrary noun. The normal thing to do is lo normal. The good thing is lo bueno. The physical thing is lo físico, and the sexy thing is lo sensual. You will rarely hear someone say “la buena cosa”.

So, how do you improve your grasp of a language? Well, listening to natives speak is definitely one way. You don’t need to visit the country or anything, but maybe get a pen pal, Tumblr friend and ofc, watch and read the news in your target language. Also, immerse yourself in books, movies, TV shows and music. Finally, practice writing and get a teacher or a native to check your work.

Phrasal verbs › alphabetical list : C.

Call for › demander/réclamer.

Call in › faire appel à quelqu’un/obliger quelqu’un à rembourser sa dette.

Call off › annuler.

Call on someone › rendre visite à/faire appel à quelqu’un.

Call out › crier/appeler.

Call up (a file) › appeler/ouvrir (un fichier).

Care for › s’occuper de.

Carry on › continuer.

Carry out › réaliser. 

Get carried away by › s’emballer pour quelque chose.

Carry forward › reporter.

Carry off (an award) › remporter (un prix).

Carry through › mener à bonne fin/aider à réussir.

Cash in › se faire rembourser.

Cash up › faire la caisse.

Catch up › rattraper.

Catch on › devenir populaire/prendre.

Catch out › prendre en défaut/démasquer.

Cave in › s’effondrer/céder.

Change over (to) › passer à.

Check up on/check out › vérifier.

Check in (airport) › se présenter à l’enregistrement.

Check out (hotel) › payer sa note et partir.

Clean up › nettoyer/faire fortune/faire son beurre.

Clean (someone) out › nettoyer à fond/mettre quelqu’un à sec/dévaliser. 

Close down › fermer définitivement. 

Close in on › cerner. 

Too many phrasal verbs with To come, find it special post here. 

Conjure up › évoquer.

Cut across › toucher (pas au sens physique).

Cut back › réduire/diminuer.

Cut down (on) › réduire.

Cut off › couper/déshériter.

(feel) cut off › se sentir isoler.

(be) cut out for › avoir des dispositions pour quelque chose. 

To (be) cut up › être très affecté.

in this house we do grandma activities

Armed with such [linguistic] knowledge, teachers could impart grammar not as an onslaught of desiccated definitions or things to underline, but puzzles to solve. Why does “She destroyed” not feel like a full sentence? (That allows the introduction of concepts such as “direct object”.) How does Shakespeare use “do” differently from modern writers? (Here you can sneak in historical linguistics.) Where might you hear “we was” instead of “we were”? (This can introduce class, dialect and situational appropriateness.) One study found that adding this kind of analysis—albeit in foreign-language classes, not English—made almost 60% of the pupils want to learn more linguistics, particularly language history. Meanwhile the “Linguistics Olympiad” is a popular extra-curricular contest that instils linguistic thinking; perhaps everyone should take part.

The agony and the ecstasy of grammar (via allthingslinguistic)