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Potential energy is energy debt borrowed from vacuum energy bank

Potential energy is defined as the energy difference between the energy of an object at a current position and the energy of the object at a reference position (generally, infinitely distant position) in a force field.

The gravitational potential energy of a combination of an object with mass M and another object with mass m separated by distance R is expressed by the following formula using the gravitational constant G.

The potential energy is zero when the distance between objects is infinite, and the negative energy increases as the distance decreases by gravity.

Because there can be no negative energy in the real space, potential energy should be considered as fictitious energy. Regarding potential energy as “energy debt” is easy to understand. Then what do objects borrow energy from? The answer is the vacuum space. Potential energy is the energy debt borrowed from “the vacuum energy bank”. An increase in the negative energy means an increase in the energy given by the vacuum space.

Therefore, the law of conservation of energy is established only when the vacuum energy is counted.

When an object is attracted to another object by gravity, a certain amount of energy is given to it from the vacuum space. Hence its energy debt increases by the amount given from the vacuum space, and its momentum energy increases then it accelerates.

On the contrary, when applying a force to an object and moving it against gravity, it returns a certain amount of energy to the vacuum space. Hence the energy debt decreases by the amount returned to the vacuum space, and its momentum energy decreases then it decelerates from the initial speed.

We say “potential energy increases” when the energy debt decreases, but we should say “potential energy decreases”.

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